BNO Team

What is Developmental Biology? Developmental biology is a scientific discipline that focuses on understanding how organisms grow, develop, and mature from a fertilized egg into a complex multicellular organism. It explores the processes, mechanisms, and patterns that shape the formation of tissues, organs, and the overall body plan throughout an organism’s life cycle. Developmental biologists … Read more

What is Developmental Biology? Developmental biology is a branch of biology that studies the processes and mechanisms by which multicellular organisms grow, develop, and reach their final form from a single fertilized egg or embryo. It examines how cells differentiate and specialize to form different tissues and organs, as well as how these structures are … Read more

Eggs are fascinating structures found in various organisms across the animal kingdom. They serve as the starting point for new life, harboring the potential for development and growth. However, not all eggs are created equal. Different species exhibit diverse types of eggs, varying in size, shape, and the presence of yolk. Moreover, eggs are surrounded … Read more

What is cleavage? Characteristics of cleavage Cleavage exhibits several distinct characteristics during the early stages of embryo development: Overall, cleavage is characterized by the rapid division of the fertilized egg, resulting in the generation of numerous blastomeres. These divisions lead to the formation of either a solid mass of cells (morula) or a hollow sphere … Read more

Special features of the gametes for fertilization Both gametes, the sperm and the egg, possess special features that enable successful fertilization. Egg: Sperm: In summary, the egg and the sperm possess specialized features that are essential for fertilization. The egg has protective coverings, recognition mechanisms, and cortical granules to prevent polyspermy and ensure compatibility with … Read more

The development of a chick embryo from a freshly laid hen’s egg involves various stages and intricate processes. Let’s explore the initial stages of chick embryo development based on the provided information: The hen’s egg, when laid, is relatively large, measuring about 3cm in diameter and 5cm in length. It is considered a macrolecithal egg … Read more

What is Fate Map? A fate map is a diagram or representation of an egg or blastula that depicts the expected fate or destiny of each cell or region at a later stage of development. Fate maps are indispensable tools in embryological experiments as they provide researchers with valuable information about the normal developmental outcomes … Read more

What is Embryonic Induction? Historical Background of Embryonic Induction The historical background of embryonic induction is marked by the pioneering work of Hans Spemann, a German embryologist, and his student Hilde Mangold in the 1920s. Their extensive research on newt species, specifically Triturus cristatus and Triturus taeniatus, led to the discovery of neural induction. In … Read more

What is Germ layer? Fate of The germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Mesoderm 3. Endoderm 4. Neural crest Formation of Three Germ Layers (i) Formation of Endoderm (ii) Formation of Mesoderm (iii) Formation of Ectoderm FAQ

What is Extra-embryonic Membranes? Types of Extra-Embryonic Membranes During chick development, four types of extra-embryonic membranes are formed: Each of these extra-embryonic membranes is composed of two germ layers. The amnion and chorion consist of the extra-embryonic ectoderm and the somatic layer of mesoderm, collectively known as the somatopleure. On the other hand, the yolk … Read more