Basic Microbiology

Why does the human system has three separate complement pathways when all of them converge to a single result, i.e. cell lysis?

What is agglutination inhibition? Briefly state one application of this method.

For each of the following set of cells, state the latest common progenitor cel that gives rise to both cell types — ( i) Monocytes and neutrophils (ii) Natural killer cells and B cells.

Infants immediately after birth are often at risk for infection with group B streptococcus. A vaccine is proposed for administration ot women of childbearing years. How can immunizing hte mothers, help hte babies?

For each pair of antigens listed below, indicate which is likely to be more immunogenic. Explain your answer (i) Insulin and Insulin-BSA conjugate. (ii) A monomeric polypeptide (X) and a dimeric protein molecule

What aer the two primary characteristics that distinguish hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells?

An individual is infected with — i Intracellular bacteria and ii) Extracellular bacteria. Which kind(s) of immune response will be expected in each case?

What are chemokines? Give one example.

Explain briefly whether the following statements are true or false : (i) Dendritic cells arise only from the lymphoid organ. (ii) All TH cells express CD4 and recognize only antigen associated with class II MHC molecule. (iii) A hapten can stimulate antibody formation but cannot combine with many different antibody molecules. (iv) In order for … Read more

Most viruses and bacteria enter cells via specific receptors. Why would a cell have receptors that allow pathogens to enter?