What is the function of the endosperm and cotyledons?

The endosperm and cotyledons serve different but complementary functions in seed development. The endosperm primarily provides a nutrient reservoir that supplies the embryo with essential carbohydrates, proteins, and fats during seed germination. Cotyledons, on the other hand, are the first leaves of the seedling and are involved in photosynthesis and nutrient storage. In many seeds, cotyledons can also serve as a storage organ, accumulating nutrients that will support the seedling’s early growth. Together, they ensure that the seedling has adequate resources to begin its life cycle.