To classify a specimen, observe its morphological traits such as body symmetry and segmentation, determine if it is unicellular or multicellular, assess the level of organization (cellular, tissue, organ system), examine body symmetry (radial or bilateral), identify the presence and type of coelom (acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, or coelomate), study the type of digestive system (complete or incomplete), analyze reproductive structures and mode (sexual or asexual), and compare these features with established taxonomic groups to assign it to the appropriate phylum or class.