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Shelfords Law of Tolerance – Principles, Limiting Factors, Importance

Shelfords Law of Tolerance

What is Shelfords Law of Tolerance? Shelfords Law of Tolerance Shelford’s Law of Tolerance, formulated by Victor Ernest Shelford in 1911, outlines the relationship between organisms and their environmental conditions. The law is a key principle in ecology, describing how the success and distribution of organisms are influenced by their tolerance to various environmental factors. … Read more

Anatomical Adaptations of Xerophytes

Anatomical Adaptations of Xerophytes

What are xerophytes? Morphological characteristics of xerophytes Xerophytes, adapted to arid environments, exhibit several distinctive morphological features to enhance their survival under water-scarce conditions. These adaptations are crucial for minimizing water loss and maximizing water use efficiency. The key morphological characteristics of xerophytes include: Types of Xerophytes Xerophytes, plants adapted to survive in arid environments, … Read more

Ecological Adaptations in Hydrophytes

Ecological Adaptations in Hydrophytes

What are Hydrophytes? Classification of Hydrophytes The classification of hydrophytes is based on their morphological and ecological characteristics, leading to a categorization into five distinct groups. Each group of hydrophytes has adapted to its specific aquatic environment, reflecting the diversity of survival strategies among aquatic plants. Morphology of Hydrophytes The morphology of hydrophytes, or aquatic … Read more

Bacillus cereus – Habitat, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Virulence Factors

An Overview of Bacillus cereus

Domain: Bacteria Phylum: “Firmicutes” Class: Bacilli Order: Bacillales Family: Bacillaceae Genus: Bacillus Species: B. cereus Definition of Bacillus cereus Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that produces toxins leading to foodborne illnesses. It can cause two main types of gastrointestinal disorders: emetic (vomiting) syndrome and diarrheal syndrome. This bacterium is commonly found in soil … Read more

Starch Casein Agar (SCA) – Composition, Principle, Preparation

Starch Casein Agar (SCA)- Composition, Principle, Preparation

Starch casein agar can be described as an nutrient-rich medium that is used for the cultivation and growth of the saccharolytic marine bacteria.

Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell – Difference Between Plant and Animal Cell

Difference between Plant cell and Animal cell - Plant cell vs Animal cell

The fact that they are both cells that are eukaryotic, meaning they have a real nucleus that is enclosed and separate from other organelles through a nuclear membrane is a key element which determines their ways of multiplication. They share the same reproduction process of meiosis and mitosis by using their DNA, which is stored in the cell’s nucleus.

Biometrics, Numerical taxonomy and Cladistics

Biometrics, Numerical taxonomy and Cladistics

What is Biometrics? What is Numerical Taxonomy? Principle of Numerical Taxonomy The principle of numerical taxonomy, as articulated by Sneath and Sokal (1963), comprises several key tenets that guide its application in classifying and analyzing organisms. These principles emphasize a systematic and empirical approach to taxonomy, leveraging mathematical methods to ensure objectivity and accuracy. These … Read more

Systems of Classification – Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic

Systems of Classification - Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic

Types Of Classification In the study of botany, the classification of plants is a fundamental task aimed at organizing the immense diversity of plant species into manageable categories. Due to the vast number of plant species and their complex relationships, it is essential to classify them into hierarchical groups based on similarities and differences. This … Read more

Autoclave Validation Methods – Objective, Procedure, Result

Autoclave Validation Methods - Objective, Procedure, Result

Why we need to Validate an Autoclave? Validating an autoclave is crucial for ensuring the sterilization process is effective and reliable. Here’s why validation is necessary: Methods for Autoclave Validation Autoclave validation is a critical process in ensuring that sterilization procedures are effective and reliable. This is particularly important in the pharmaceutical industry, where sterility … Read more

Simple Microscope – Definition, Principle, Parts, Uses

Simple Microscope: Working Principle, Uses, Parts, and their Functions.

What is Simple Microscope? Definition of Simple Microscope A simple microscope is an optical device consisting of a single convex lens that magnifies objects by enlarging their image through light refraction. Principle of Simple Microscope Working Mechanism of Simple Microscope This ray diagram in below, explains how simple microscopes is working; Magnification of a simple … Read more

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