Page 54 – Biology Notes Online

Transgenics in Crop Improvement – Insect, Viral, Disease, Abiotic Stresses resistance

• Published on October 11, 2024 • 21 min readby Sourav Pan

Resistance of transgenic crops to biotic stresses Resistance to biotic stresses has been discussed under the following headings. Insect resistance of transgenics crops The development of transgenic crops with insect resistance represents a significant advancement in agricultural biotechnology. By incorporating specific insect control genes, particularly those derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), researchers have successfully engineered … Read more

BT Cotton – Definition, Features, Development, Advantages, Limitations

• Published on October 11, 2024 • 19 min readby Sourav Pan

What is BT Cotton? What is BT? Bt, short for Bacillus thuringiensis, is a widely recognized soil bacterium known for its insecticidal properties. This gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium produces unique parasporal crystals during its stationary growth phase, which play a crucial role in pest management. Features of Bt Cotton The following points highlight the key … Read more

Bt Crops – Definition, Types, Advantages, Limitations

• Published on October 11, 2024 • 23 min readby Sourav Pan

What are Bt Crops? Definition of Bt Crops Bt crops, or Bacillus thuringiensis crops, are genetically modified plants that incorporate genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. These crops produce specific proteins (Cry proteins) that are toxic to certain insect pests, providing built-in protection against infestations. Common examples include cotton, corn, and brinjal. Bt crops reduce … Read more

Applications of Biotechnology

• Published on October 11, 2024 • 9 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Biotechnology? Biotechnology is a broad field that involves the use of living organisms, cells, and biological systems to develop products and technologies that improve human life and the environment. It integrates knowledge from various scientific disciplines, including biology, chemistry, genetics, and engineering, to manipulate biological materials for specific applications. Here are some key … Read more

Movements in Plants – Definition, Classification, Mechanism, Examples

• Published on October 11, 2024 • 24 min readby Sourav Pan

What is plant Movement? Classification of plants Movements Most of movements exhibited by plant can be classified as – A. Movement of locomotion The concept of locomotion encompasses the various ways in which organisms, including plants, move from one location to another. In plants, locomotion can occur at different levels—ranging from the movement of the … Read more

Signal Transduction in Plants

• Published on October 11, 2024 • 23 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Signal Transduction? Historical Context of Signal Transduction in Plants The study of signal transduction in plants has undergone significant evolution, informed by technological advancements, developments in molecular biology, and an increased understanding of plant physiology. This narrative highlights key milestones in the historical context of this field, illustrating how insights into plant signaling … Read more

ATP Synthase – Structure, Mechanism, Inhibition, Diseases

• Published on October 11, 2024 • 19 min readby Sourav Pan

What is ATP Synthase? ATP synthase is an essential enzyme complex responsible for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency in living cells. Often referred to as Complex V in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, ATP synthase plays a critical role in cellular respiration and photosynthesis, utilizing the proton gradient generated by the … Read more

Carbohydrate metabolism In Plant- Synthesis and catabolism of sucrose and starch

• Published on October 11, 2024 • 20 min readby Sourav Pan

What are carbohydrates? Types of carbohydrates Carbohydrates can be broadly categorized into three primary types: monosaccharides, disaccharides and oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. What Is Sucrose? Sucrose is the most prevalent disaccharide found in nature and serves as a principal product of photosynthesis in plants. This sugar is classified as a non-reducing sugar, which limits its chemical … Read more

Plant Metabolism – Introduction, anabolic and catabolic pathways, regulation of metabolism, role of regulatory enzymes

• Published on October 11, 2024 • 20 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Plant Metabolism? What is Catabolism? Catabolism is a fundamental metabolic process that plays a crucial role in living organisms, including plants and animals. The primary aim of catabolism is to extract energy from biomolecules, converting it into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which serves as an energy currency for cellular activities. Additionally, catabolism generates essential … Read more

Nutrient Transport Mechanism in Plants

• Published on October 11, 2024 • 27 min readby Sourav Pan

Transport of ions across plasma Membrane

Nutrient transport in plants is a crucial process that ensures the distribution of essential minerals and organic compounds necessary for growth, development, and metabolic functions. This transport occurs through various tissues, primarily the xylem and phloem, each serving distinct roles in the movement of nutrients. The following points outline the key mechanisms and pathways involved … Read more