Describe the flow of energy through living organisms, including light energy from the Sun and chemical energy in organisms, and its eventual transfer to the environment

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State that the Sun is the principal source of energy input to biological systems

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Outline the differences between natural and artificial selection

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Describe the development of strains of antibiotic resistant bacteria as an example of natural selection

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Describe adaptation as the process, resulting from natural selection, by which populations become more suited to their environment over many generations

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Outline how selective breeding by artificial selection is carried out over many generations to improve crop plants and domesticated animals and apply this to given contexts

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Describe selective breeding with reference to: (a) selection by humans of individuals with desirable features (b) crossing these individuals to produce the next generation (c) selection of offspring showing the desirable features

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Describe natural selection with reference to: (a) genetic variation within populations (b) production of many offspring (c) struggle for survival, including competition for resources (d) a greater chance of reproduction by individuals that are better adapted to the environment than others (e) these individuals pass on their alleles to the next generation

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Explain the adaptive features of hydrophytes and xerophytes to their environments

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Interpret images or other information about a species to describe its adaptive features

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