1. Ignaz Semmelweis
- Ignaz Semmelweis was born on 1 July 1818 in Buda, Kingdom of Hungary, which is now part of Budapest, Hungary.
- The full name of Ignaz Semmelweis is Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis.
- He was a Hungarian physician and scientist.
- He died at the age of 47 on August 13, 1865.
Contribution
- In medical history, he first demonstrated that puerperal fever (also known as “childbed fever”) was contagious.
- He also demonstrated that washing hands with a chlorine solution can reduce the mortality of women giving birth in the hospital setting.
2. Hans Christian Gram
- The full name of Hans Christian Gram was Hans Christian Joachim Gram.
- He was born on 13 September 1853 Copenhagen, Denmark
- He was a Danish bacteriologist.
- He died at the age of 85 on 14 November 1938
Contribution
- Hans Christian Gram invented the Gram staining technique, which is still an important staining technique in microbiology to distinguish bacterial cells. This staining technique helps to differentiate between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
- In this gram staining technique, the bacterial cell is first treated with crystal violet dye, then with an iodine solution and safranine. After that, the cells are observed under a microscope.
- Hans Christian Gram was the first to recognize that macrocytes were characteristic of pernicious anemia.
3. Charles Lavaran
- The full name of Charles Lavaran is Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran.
- He was born on 18 June 1845 in Paris, France.
- He was a French physician.
- For his discovery of for his discoveries of parasitic protozoans he received Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1907.
- He died at the age of 76 on 18 May 1922.
Contribution
- Charles Lavaran discovered that malaria is caused by protozoan, by observing the blood sample of a malaria patient who had just died of malaria.
- He named this protozoan as Oscillaria malariae, later it renamed as renamed Plasmodium.
4. Fanny Hesse
- Her original name is Angelina Fanny Elishemius.
- She was born in 1850 in New York City.
- She died on December 1, 1934.
Contribution
- Fanny Hesse and her husband Walther Hesse developed agar medium to culture microorganisms.
5. Marjory Stephenson
- Marjory Stephenson was born on 24 January 1885 in Burwell, Cambridgeshire, England.
- She was a British biochemist.
- She died at the age of 63 on 12 December 1948.
Contribution
- In 1930, she wrote Bacterial Metabolism, which was the standard textbook for generations of microbiologists.
- In 1945, she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
6. Kiyoshi Shiga
- Kiyoshi Shiga was born on February 7, 1871, in Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- He was a Japanese physician and bacteriologist.
- He died at the age of 85 on January 25, 1957.
Contribution
- In 1897, he discovered the bacteria Shigella dysenteriae which was the causative agent of dysentery disease.
- He was the president of Keijō Imperial University in Keijo (Seoul).
- He also was a senior medical advisor to the Japanese Governor-General of Korea.
7. Emil von Behring
- The original name of Emil von Behring was Emil Adolf von Behring.
- He was born on 15 March 1854 in Hansdorf, Kreis Rosenberg Prussia.
- He was a German physiologist.
- He died at the age of 63 on 31 March 1917.
Contribution
- Emil von Behring discovered diphtheria antitoxin.
- He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery.
- He is also known as a “saviour of children,” because this disease is responsible for child death.
Reference
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaz_Semmelweis
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3881728/
- https://www.newscientist.com/people/ignaz-semmelweis/
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ignaz-Semmelweis
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Christian_Gram
- https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/google-doodle-honours-hans-christian-gram-for-contributions-to-microbiology-5990991/
- https://www.news18.com/news/world/who-was-hans-christian-gram-know-about-the-bacteriologist-who-invented-the-famous-stain-technique-2307375.html
- https://www.newscientist.com/article/2216418-hans-christian-gram-the-biologist-who-helped-investigate-bacteria/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran#Discoveries
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanny_Hesse
- http://www.rsc.org/diversity/175-faces/all-faces/marjory-stephenson/
