Virology

Virology is the scientific study of viruses and virus-like agents, focusing on their structure, classification, evolution, methods of infection, and interaction with host organisms. It encompasses research into the diseases caused by viruses, their transmission, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. As a subfield of microbiology, virology deals with a wide range of viruses, including those that affect humans, animals, plants, and even bacteria (bacteriophages).

Key areas of virology include:

  1. Virus Structure and Classification: Understanding the molecular composition and organization of viruses, such as DNA or RNA viruses, enveloped or non-enveloped, and their shapes (icosahedral, helical, etc.).
  2. Viral Replication: Studying how viruses reproduce by hijacking the cellular machinery of host cells, leading to the production of new viral particles.
  3. Pathogenesis: Exploring how viruses cause diseases, affect the immune system, and interact with host cells.
  4. Epidemiology: Tracking how viruses spread within populations and the factors that contribute to outbreaks and pandemics.
  5. Vaccine and Antiviral Development: Developing preventive and therapeutic measures, including vaccines, antiviral drugs, and immune therapies to combat viral infections.

Virology has gained significant attention due to its role in understanding viruses such as HIV, influenza, coronaviruses (like SARS-CoV-2), and many others that affect global health.

Hepatitis A Virus – Structure, Replication, Pathogenesis, Genome, Transmission

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Hepatitis A Virus - Structure, Replication, Pathogenesis, Genome, Transmission

Hepatitis A is a liver inflammation brought on by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Primarily, the virus is transmitted when an uninfected (and unvaccinated) individual consumes food or water contaminated with the faeces of an infected individual. The disease is strongly linked to unclean water or food, inadequate sanitation, poor personal hygiene, and oral-anogenital contact. … Read more

Hepatitis B Virus – Structure, Replication, Pathogenesis, Genome, Transmission

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Hepatitis B Virus - Structure, Replication, Pathogenesis, Genome, Transmission

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that causes liver inflammation, sometimes leading to serious liver damage. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person. This can occur through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from an infected mother to her baby at birth. Symptoms … Read more

Hepatitis D Virus – Structure, Genome, Replication, Pathogenesis,

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Hepatitis D Virus - Structure, Genome, Replication, Pathogenesis,

Hepatitis D, commonly referred to as “delta hepatitis,” is a viral infection of the liver (HDV). Hepatitis D is only transmitted to individuals who are simultaneously infected with the hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis D is transmitted when blood or other body fluids from an infected individual enter the body of an uninfected person. Hepatitis D … Read more

Rabies Virus – Structure, Genome Organization, Pathogenesis, Replication

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Rabies Virus - Structure, Genome Organization, Pathogenesis, Replication

Rabies is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals. It is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, usually through a bite. The virus attacks the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as fever, muscle spasms, and hallucinations. If left untreated, rabies is almost always fatal. It … Read more

Monkeypox Virus – Pictures, Structure, Classification, Prevention, Treatment, Spread

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Monkeypox Virus - Pictures, Structure, Classification, Prevention, Treatment, Spread

What is monkeypox virus? Classification of Monkeypox Virus Morphology of Monkeypox Virus/Structure of Monkeypox Virus Genome Structure of Monkeypox Virus Genome Structure Replication Cycle of Monkeypox Virus The cycle of replication for poxviruses is different from that of other DNA viruses, is carried out in the cytoplasm within the cell that hosts them. Poxviruses infiltrate … Read more

Bacteriophages – Definition, Morphology, Life cycle, Significance

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Bacteriophages - Definition, Morphology, Life cycle, Significance

Viruses that infect bacteria are known as phages or bacteriophages. Twort (19l5) described a degenerative alteration in staphylococcal colonies isolated from calf lymph that was transmissible serially via application of culture filtrates from the original growth. d’Herelle (1917) observed that the filtrates of dysentery patient faeces cultures produced transmissible lysis of a dysentery bacillus broth … Read more

Poxviruses – Definition, Classification, Morphology, Life cycle

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Poxviruses - Definition, Classification, Morphology, Life cycle

What are Poxviruses? Classification of Poxviruses Based on whether they infect insect or vertebrate hosts, the family Poxviridae has been divided into two subfamilies: Chordopoxvirinae and Entomopoxvirinae. The subfamily Chordopoxvirinae encompasses viruses that infect vertebrate hosts and consists of eight genera, at least four of which cause human illness. These are the categories: The genera … Read more

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