Pathways

The cGMP pathway, short for cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway, is a crucial signaling mechanism in cells. It involves the synthesis of cGMP from GTP (guanosine triphosphate) through the action of the enzyme guanylate cyclase. cGMP acts as a secondary messenger, similar to cyclic AMP (cAMP), and plays a vital role in various physiological processes. One … Read more

What is Glycolysis? Glycolysis 10 Steps Glycolysis is a central metabolic pathway that facilitates the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate through a series of enzymatic reactions. This process is methodically organized into ten distinct steps, divided into two primary phases: the Preparatory phase and the Payoff phase. Preparatory Phase: Payoff Phase: In summary, glycolysis is … Read more

What is Gluconeogenesis? Gluconeogenesis, often abbreviated as GNG, is a vital metabolic pathway responsible for the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. This process is not limited to a specific group of organisms; rather, it is universally observed in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and various microorganisms. In vertebrates, the liver predominantly undertakes this task, … Read more

What is Urea Cycle? Definition of Urea Cycle The urea cycle is a series of biochemical reactions in the liver that convert ammonia, a toxic byproduct of protein metabolism, into urea, a less harmful compound that is excreted in the urine. Urea Cycle Reactions/Urea Cycle Steps The urea cycle is a critical metabolic pathway that operates primarily … Read more

What is the Cori Cycle? Cori Cycle Definition The Cori Cycle is a metabolic pathway in which lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis in muscles is transported to the liver, converted back into glucose, and then returned to the muscles for energy production. This cycle plays a crucial role in maintaining energy balance during periods of … Read more

What is Feedback Inhibition? Definition of Feedback Inhibition Feedback inhibition is a cellular regulatory mechanism in which the end product of a biochemical pathway inhibits the activity of the first enzyme in that pathway, preventing overproduction of the end product. Enzymes, Substrates, and Products Process of Feedback Inhibition Feedback inhibition, a cardinal regulatory mechanism within … Read more

What is Uronic Acid Pathway or Glucuronic pathway? Overview The uronic acid pathway stands as a distinctive cytoplasmic thoroughfare within cellular metabolism, orchestrating intricate transformations that hold pivotal significance for various physiological processes. As we embark on an exploration of this biochemical route, we uncover its multifaceted roles and far-reaching implications for cellular health and … Read more

What is glycolysis? Definition of glycolysis Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, releasing energy used to form molecules of ATP and NADH, primarily occurring in the cytosol of cells. Salient features of glycolysis In essence, glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic process, intricately linked with various other pathways, underscoring its central role … Read more

In this article, we will discuss the Fate of Pyruvate or the Utilization of Pyruvate after the formation via glycolysis. After the formation of Pyruvate through the glycolysis pathway, it may enter into different pathways such as; lactate fermentation in muscles and rbc, alcohol fermentation, and acetyl CoA fermentation (acetyl CoA then enters into TCA … Read more

What is Pentose Phosphate Pathway? Pentose Phosphate Pathway Definition The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis that produces NADPH, pentoses (5-carbon sugars), and ribose 5-phosphate, a precursor for nucleotide synthesis. It plays a crucial role in both cellular biosynthesis and the defense against oxidative stress. Location of Pentose Phosphate Pathway … Read more