BNO Team 
What is Commensalism? Along with mutualism, the term was coined in 1876 by Belgian palaeontologist and naturalist Pierre-Joseph van Beneden. Beneden first used the term to describe the behaviour of carrion-eating animals that followed predators in order to consume their leftover meal. The term commensalism is derived from the Latin word commensalis, which meaning “table … Read more
What is Amensalism (Antagonism)? Amensalism is a sort of biological interaction in which one species harms another without incurring any costs or gaining any advantages. It is a form of interaction or competitive behaviour between organisms. Modes of Amensalism or Types of Amensalism 1. Competition Example 2. Antibiosis Example Examples of Amensalism In the Ocean, … Read more
Ecological factors are environmental elements that have an effect on organisms and contribute to their distinctive behavioral patterns. These causes create dynamic population or species shifts in a certain geographical location. Types of Ecological Factors Abiotic Factors Abiotic elements are non-living components of an organism’s surroundings. A biotope is a habitat characterised by a certain … Read more
Heat Treatment as a Food Preservation What is the Role of heat treatment in food preservation? Heat treatment plays a vital role in food preservation by offering various benefits that help ensure food safety, extend shelf life, and improve the overall quality of food products. The following points highlight the key roles of heat treatment … Read more
What is Single Cell Protein(SCP)? Definition of Single Cell Protein(SCP) Single Cell Protein (SCP) refers to edible proteins derived from unicellular microorganisms such as algae, yeasts, fungi, or bacteria. It can be used as a protein supplement in human or animal diets and is produced through the cultivation and processing of these microorganisms, which convert … Read more
What is Gas Treatment in Food Preservation? Gas treatment is a crucial tool in food preservation, utilizing different gases and their mixtures to modify or control the atmosphere surrounding food products. By doing so, the shelf life of perishable foods can be extended, preventing microbial spoilage and degradation. Here’s an overview of gas treatment as … Read more
Seafood toxins and fish and shellfish poisoning pose a significant risk to public health globally. These toxins are present in marine fish, bivalve shellfish, and even freshwater fish, and can cause foodborne illnesses when consumed by humans. While seafood is generally considered nutritious and beneficial to health, it can also harbor various toxins that can … Read more
Food preservation through low-temperature treatment is a widely used and effective method to extend the shelf life of various food products while maintaining their quality. By carefully managing temperature during handling, transportation, and storage, both physical and biological deteriorations can be controlled, ensuring that the food remains fresh for a longer period. Low-temperature treatment involves … Read more
What are Chemical preservatives? How Foods Get Chemical Preservatives? Food can acquire chemical preservatives through various means: Role of chemical preservatives Chemical preservatives play a crucial role in food preservation by performing several functions: Classification of chemical preservatives Chemical preservatives can be classified into different categories based on their nature and origin. Here are three … Read more
What is Bioengineering? Bioengineering and Bioreactor Calculating the Reaction Rate To calculate the reaction rate of the fermentation of sucrose to ethanol and carbon dioxide, we can use the balanced chemical equation and the stoichiometry of the reaction. The balanced chemical equation for the fermentation of sucrose is: C12H22O11 (aq) + H2O (l) → 4C2H5OH … Read more
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