BNO Team

Seafood toxins and fish and shellfish poisoning pose a significant risk to public health globally. These toxins are present in marine fish, bivalve shellfish, and even freshwater fish, and can cause foodborne illnesses when consumed by humans. While seafood is generally considered nutritious and beneficial to health, it can also harbor various toxins that can … Read more

Food preservation through low-temperature treatment is a widely used and effective method to extend the shelf life of various food products while maintaining their quality. By carefully managing temperature during handling, transportation, and storage, both physical and biological deteriorations can be controlled, ensuring that the food remains fresh for a longer period. Low-temperature treatment involves … Read more

What are Chemical preservatives? How Foods Get Chemical Preservatives? Food can acquire chemical preservatives through various means: Role of chemical preservatives  Chemical preservatives play a crucial role in food preservation by performing several functions: Classification of chemical preservatives Chemical preservatives can be classified into different categories based on their nature and origin. Here are three … Read more

What is Bioengineering? Bioengineering and Bioreactor Calculating the Reaction Rate To calculate the reaction rate of the fermentation of sucrose to ethanol and carbon dioxide, we can use the balanced chemical equation and the stoichiometry of the reaction. The balanced chemical equation for the fermentation of sucrose is: C12H22O11 (aq) + H2O (l) → 4C2H5OH … Read more

What is Pasteurization? Definition of Pasteurization Pasteurization is a process of treating food and beverages with mild heat to eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life while minimizing changes to nutritional quality and sensory characteristics. History of Pasteurization  Purpose of Pasteurization The purpose of pasteurization is to achieve several important objectives in food preservation and safety. … Read more

What is Ozone Treatment? Properties of ozone Ozone, with the chemical formula O3, is a molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms bonded together. It possesses several unique properties that contribute to its wide range of applications and effects: These properties make ozone a valuable tool in various industries, including water treatment, air purification, food preservation, … Read more

What is Yersinia enterocolitica? Characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia enterocolitica possesses several characteristic features: These characteristics collectively contribute to the identification and classification of Y. enterocolitica within the Yersinia genus and aid in understanding its behavior and survival in various environments. Contamination Source of Yersinia enterocolitica Food Poisoning Signs and Symptoms Yersinia enterocolitica Food Poisoning Pathogenic Mechanism Yersinia enterocolitica … Read more

Preservation of milk and milk products refers to the methods and techniques used to prevent or slow down the spoilage and deterioration of these products, thereby extending their shelf life and maintaining their quality and safety. Preservation methods aim to inhibit or control the growth of microorganisms, enzymes, and other factors that can lead to … Read more

What is Microbial Spoilage of Milk and Milk Products? Contamination Source for Spoilage of Milk and Milk Products Contamination sources for the spoilage of milk and milk products can originate from various points within the production and processing chain. Here are some key sources of contamination: Spoilage of milk Spoilage of milk refers to the … Read more

Preservation of meat and meat products from microbial spoilage is crucial for several reasons: By implementing appropriate preservation methods, following good manufacturing practices, and adhering to recommended storage and handling guidelines, the risks associated with microbial spoilage can be minimized, ensuring the safety, quality, and availability of meat and meat products for consumers. Methods for … Read more