BNO Team 
0 revisions 8 min read 
Bile Esculin test The Bile Esculin test is a biological test that is used to distinguish Enterococci from Group D Streptococci from non-group D viridans group Streptococci by their capacity to hydrolyze esculin. A variety of organisms are capable hydrolyzing esculin. But only a handful of them can do it when they are surrounded by … Read more
0 revisions 5 min read 
Two different methods of blood tests, thin and thick microscopy, are considered to be the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of malaria. A Quantitative Buffy Coat(QBC) is an additional quick and direct test to make the identification of malaria.
0 revisions 3 min read 
The Arneth Count determines the percentage distribution of various types of neutrophils based on their nuclear lobes. It isn’t used often in modern medicine. Joseph Arneth divided neutrophils into five types. Stage Nuclear lobes Diagram Normal Range Stage 1 (N1) Nucleus is unilobed.The nucleus is C or U shaped. 2-5% Stage 2 (N2) Nucleus is … Read more
0 revisions 9 min read 
When a microorganism starts to synthesize toxin, they are called microbial toxins, such as bacteria and fungi. There are few bacteria that can produce the most potent natural toxins such as Botulinum neurotoxins. However, the bacterial toxin has some medical importance that is why they are used in medical science and research. What Is Toxin? … Read more