BNO Team

Structure and Composition of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) It is composed of three components like; O-antigen Core Structure of Core or Core oligosaccharide (or Core-OS) The core domain always contains an oligosaccharide component which attaches directly to lipid A and commonly contains sugars such as heptose and 3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid (also known as KDO or keto-deoxyoctulosonate). It is … Read more

What is Sphaeroplast? A Spheroplast (or sphaeroplast according to British use) can be described as a microbe organism with a cell wall that is almost entirely gone through the penicillin or Lysozyme. According to certain definitions the term is employed to refer to Gram-negative bacteria. In other definitions, the word also includes yeasts. Spheroplast’s name … Read more

Protoplast Definition Protoplasts are plant cells that are completely naked with no cell wall however they do have plasma membranes and other components of the cell. They are functional cells, but without the presence of a barrier, cell wall. Protoplasts from various species can be merged to create a hybrid, and this is known as … Read more

The protoplast, sometimes referred to as a naked plant cell refers to all the constituents in a cell of plant that are not the wall of the cell. The term”protoplast” was first used in the work of Hanstein in 1880 to refer to the living matter contained within the membrane of the plant cell. The … Read more

The process of somatic fusion is also known as protoplast Fusion, is a kind of genetic modification of plants in which two plant species are merged into a hybrid plant that has the traits of both species the species, an somatic hybrid. Hybrids are created among different species that are of the exact same species … Read more

Isolated protoplasts can be cultured in a liquid medium , or semisolid agar medium , either in thin layers or tiny drops of nutrient medium in petridish. The medium used to cultivate protoplasts is the same as that needed for suspension or callus culture. The increase in calcium concentration aids in maintaining the membrane’s integrity. … Read more

Microbiological cultures, also known as Microbial culture is the technique of generating microbial species by the process of letting them reproduce in a conditions in a monitored laboratory conditions. Microbiological cultures are fundamental and essential diagnostic methods that are employed as research tools within molecular biology. The term “culture” could be used to describe the … Read more

The most commonly used gram-negative cocci of medical significance fall under the category of Neisseriaceae which comprises the genera Neisseria, Moraxella, Kingella, Acinetobacter etc. Medical Significance of Gram Negative Cocci Neisseria species  The genus Neisseria contains 12 species, two of which, N.meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae, are commonly pathogenic in humans. Both may cause infections in … Read more

Chemosynthesis involves the conversion of carbon compounds as well as others molecules to organic substances. In this biochemical process, methane, or an inorganic compound like hydrogen sulfide or gas, is converted into a form that can serve as an energy source. However, the photosynthesis process’s energy source (the series of reactions in which water and … Read more