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What is Analytical balance? What is Triple beam balance? Difference Between Analytical Balance Vs Triple Beam Balance 1. Precision – Analytical balance gives very high precision (up to 0.0001 g) while triple beam balance only measure till 0.01 g, so less sensitive comparatively. 2. Power Source – Analytical balance mostly works on electric / electronic … Read more
What is Biogeny (Formation of Primitive Life)? 1. Formation of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins The formation of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins considered as one of the key transition in Biogeny where information molecules begin to store and transmit life instructions. It started after Chemogeny produced small organic monomers like nucleobases, sugars, phosphates, etc. Prebiotic synthesis … Read more
What is Polarizing Microscope? Principles of Polarized Light Microscopes The Light Path and Image Formation of Polarized Light Microscopes Parts of a Polarized Light Microscope 1. Light Source – usually a halogen bulb that gives bright white light; it must be stable so the color don’t change by heating or voltage drift. 2. Condenser – … Read more
What is Biological Clocks? Types of biological clocks I. Solar-Controlled Rhythms These clocks rely primarily on the sun or are related to the 24-hour rotation of the Earth, using light as the main synchronizing cue (zeitgeber II. Lunar & Tidal Controlled clocks– These clocks, prevalent among marine organisms, are influenced by the moon, which drives … Read more
What is cleavage? Characteristics of cleavage Step by step process of Cleavage Types of cleavages The cleavage pattern in embryos mainly determined by yolk quantity and how that yolk is distributed by the cytoplasm.Also, timing and direction of mitotic spindle (inside egg) play important role. Yolk usually slow / restrict the process of complete division. … Read more
Nylander’s Test sometimes also called Bismuth Reduction test, is used for detecting reducing sugars like glucose / fructose etc. The principle is based on reduction of bismuth oxynitrate (BiONO₃) or bismuth subnitrate into metallic bismuth, in alkaline medium. In this reaction, reducing sugar which have free aldehyde or ketone group, they reduce bismuth compound into … Read more
What are plasmids? Copy Number and Physical Nature of Plasmids Properties of Plasmids Plasmid Replication Mechanism 1. Rolling circle Mode of Replication Rolling-Circle Replication (RCR) is described as a method of DNA replication that is used by some viruses, plasmids and circular genetic elements. A single-strand nick is introduced at the origin and the 5′-end … Read more
History and Development in industrial microbiology The history of Industrial Microbiology is divided into five main phases, each was defined by dominant products and technologies. Ancient Origins and Pre-Scientific Use Phase I — Alcohol Fermentation Period (Before 1900) Phase II — Antibiotic Period (1900–1940) Phase III — Single Cell Protein (SCP) Period (1940–1964) Phase IV … Read more
Microorganisms are everywhere in their the distribution. In any given environment, many microorganisms are present at any given time. It is difficult to identify a specific kind of microbe until we understand their ecological needs. For instance, anaerobic microbes do not require oxygen those that are aerobic require oxygen micro-aerophiles to have oxygen however, in a small amount. So, we require cotton plugs to provide an conditions that are aerobic and keep the growing culture uninvolved with unwanted microbes. Cotton plugs are made of cotton along with air pours. Air can flow through air pours, but not the bacteria that cause microbial contamination. They are fixed to the surface of cotton fibres , and prevent them from being able from getting into flasks, tubes, etc. Air aids in for the development of microorganisms within glass equipment.
Picric Acid Test is defined as a very sensitive chemical test, primarily used for detection of reducing sugars in carbohydrates. Picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) is described as a yellow crystalline solid, the intense yellow being due to its three nitro groups. The principle is that reducing sugars (monosaccharides and some disaccharides) will reduce picric acid, when … Read more
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