O Level Biology

Explain that seed and fruit dispersal by wind and by animals is a means of colonising new areas and of reducing competition

Investigate and describe the structure of a seed, limited to embryo (radicle, plumule and cotyledons) and testa

Understand that after fertilisation the ovules develop into seeds and the ovary develops into a fruit

Describe the growth of the pollen tube and its entry into the ovule followed by fertilisation (production of endosperm and details of development are not required)

Discuss the potential effects of self-pollination and cross-pollination on a population, in terms of variation, capacity to respond to changes in the environment and reliance on pollinators

Compare the flower structure and the pollen from insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flow

Identify and draw the anthers and stigmas of a wind-pollinated flower

Identify and draw the sepals, petals, stamens (anthers and filaments) and carpels (stigmas, styles, ovaries and ovules) of an insect-pollinated flower

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction

Identify examples of asexual reproduction