Describe, and identify on diagrams and photomicrographs, the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries, limited to: (a) relative thickness of wall (b) composition of wall (muscle and elastic tissue) (c) diameter of lumen (d) presence of valves
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Name the main blood vessels that carry blood to and from the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys, limited to: aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, hepatic vein, hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, renal artery and renal vein
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Discuss the role of diet and exercise in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease
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Describe coronary heart disease in terms of the blockage of coronary arteries and state the possible risk factors including diet, sedentary lifestyle, stress, smoking, genetic predisposition, age and gender
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Investigate and explain the effect of physical activity on heart rate
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State that blood is pumped away from the heart in arteries and returns to the heart in veins
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Describe the functioning of the heart in terms of the contraction of muscles of the atria and ventricles and the action of the valves in a heartbeat
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Explain the relative thickness: (a) of the muscle walls of the left and right ventricles (b) of the muscle walls of the atria compared to those of the ventricles
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Outline how the oxygen debt is removed after exercise, limited to: (a) continuation of fast heart rate to transport lactic acid in blood from muscles to the liver (b) continuation of deeper and faster breathing to supply oxygen for the breakdown of lactic acid in the liver
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Explain why lactic acid builds up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise causing Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) or an ‘oxygen debt’
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