Explain the importance of breast-feeding for the development of passive immunity in infants
Explain the importance of breast-feeding for the development of passive immunity in infants
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Explain the importance of breast-feeding for the development of passive immunity in infants
Explain the role of vaccination in controlling the spread of transmissible diseases
Outline the process of vaccination: (a) weakened pathogens or their antigens are given (b) the antigens stimulate an immune response by lymphocytes which produce antibodies (c) memory cells are produced that give long-term immunity
Explain that active immunity is gained after an infection by a pathogen, or by vaccination
Describe that specific antibodies have complementary shapes which fit specific antigens
State that each pathogen has its own antigens, which have specific shapes
Explain how development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including MRSA, can be minimised by using antibiotics only when essential
State that antibiotics kill bacteria but do not affect viruses
Describe a drug as any substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in the body
Describe the effects of tobacco smoke and its major toxic components (nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide): strong association with bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, heart disease, and the association between smoking during pregnancy and reduced birth weight of the baby