How will you differentiate a bacterial toxin from an antibiotic?
How will you differentiate a bacterial toxin from an antibiotic?

How will you differentiate a bacterial toxin from an antibiotic?
What are superantigens?
What is meant by ‘Pathogenicity Island’?
Why is Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) preferred over Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV)?
Why does lambda phage use different promoters to transcribe the cI repressor gene immediately after infection and in the lysogenic state?
Which gene is required for the lysogenic phage to be adopted? How can the calm lysogenic period of a bacteriophage be terminated?
How can bacteriophages be isolated from the environment?
What do you understand by “Temperate Infection”?
Toxoid can be prepared from the exotoxins but not from endotoxins — How will you distinguish between exotoxins and endotoxins of pathogenic bacteria?
What are different approaches to gene therapy? Discuss the success and failure of each.