IGCSE Biology

Describe the development of strains of antibiotic resistant bacteria as an example of natural selection

Describe adaptation as the process, resulting from natural selection, by which populations become more suited to their environment over many generations

Outline how selective breeding by artificial selection is carried out over many generations to improve crop plants and domesticated animals and apply this to given contexts

Describe selective breeding with reference to: (a) selection by humans of individuals with desirable features (b) crossing these individuals to produce the next generation (c) selection of offspring showing the desirable features

Describe natural selection with reference to: (a) genetic variation within populations (b) production of many offspring (c) struggle for survival, including competition for resources (d) a greater chance of reproduction by individuals that are better adapted to the environment than others (e) these individuals pass on their alleles to the next generation

Explain the adaptive features of hydrophytes and xerophytes to their environments

Interpret images or other information about a species to describe its adaptive features

Describe an adaptive feature as an inherited feature that helps an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment

Describe gene mutation as a random change in the base sequence of DNA

State that ionising radiation and some chemicals increase the rate of mutation