IGCSE Biology

Describe a producer as an organism that makes its own organic nutrients, usually using energy from sunlight, through photosynthesis

Describe a food web as a network of interconnected food chains and interpret food webs

Describe a food chain as showing the transfer of energy from one organism to the next, beginning with a producer

Describe the flow of energy through living organisms, including light energy from the Sun and chemical energy in organisms, and its eventual transfer to the environment

State that the Sun is the principal source of energy input to biological systems

Outline the differences between natural and artificial selection

Describe the development of strains of antibiotic resistant bacteria as an example of natural selection

Describe adaptation as the process, resulting from natural selection, by which populations become more suited to their environment over many generations

Outline how selective breeding by artificial selection is carried out over many generations to improve crop plants and domesticated animals and apply this to given contexts

Describe selective breeding with reference to: (a) selection by humans of individuals with desirable features (b) crossing these individuals to produce the next generation (c) selection of offspring showing the desirable features