IGCSE Biology

Investigate and describe the effects of physical activity on the rate and depth of breathingInvestigate and describe the effects of physical activity on the rate and depth of breathing%MCEPASTEBIN%

Describe the differences in composition between inspired and expired air, limited to: oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour

Investigate the differences in composition between inspired and expired air using limewater as a test for carbon dioxide

Identify in diagrams and images the following parts of the breathing system: lungs, diaphragm, ribs, intercostal muscles, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and associated capillaries

Describe the features of gas exchange surfaces in humans, limited to: large surface area, thin surface, good blood supply and good ventilation with air

Explain that the cholera bacterium produces a toxin that causes secretion of chloride ions into the small intestine, causing osmotic movement of water into the gut, causing diarrhoea, dehydration and loss of ions from the blood

Describe cholera as a disease caused by a bacterium which is transmitted in contaminated water

State that memory cells are not produced in passive immunity

Explain that passive immunity is a short-term defence against a pathogen by antibodies acquired from another individual, including across the placenta and in breast milk

Explain the role of vaccination in controlling the spread of diseases