IGCSE Biology

Explain that DNA controls cell function by controlling the production of proteins, including enzymes, membrane carriers and receptors for neurotransmitters

Explain that different sequences of amino acids give different shapes to protein molecules

State that the sequence of bases in a gene determines the sequence of amino acids used to make a specific protein (knowledge of the details of nucleotide structure is not required)

Describe the inheritance of sex in humans with reference to X and Y chromosomes

State that chromosomes are made of DNA, which contains genetic information in the form of genes

Explain the importance of excretion, limited to toxicity of urea

Describe deamination as the removal of the nitrogen-containing part of amino acids to form urea

State that urea is formed in the liver from excess amino acids

Outline the structure and function of a nephron and its associated blood vessels, limited to: (a) the role of the glomerulus in the filtration from the blood of water, glucose, urea and ions (b) the role of the nephron in the reabsorption of all of the glucose, some of the ions and most of the … Read more

Identify in diagrams and images the structure of the kidney, limited to the cortex and medulla