Why is it important to test the principle that cells only arise from pre-existing cells, and how does this principle underpin our understanding of the natural world?

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What evidence from Pasteur’s experiments demonstrates that spontaneous generation of cells and organisms no longer occurs on Earth?

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How does the endosymbiotic theory explain the origin of eukaryotic cells?

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How might the first cells have arisen from non-living material?

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Why can cells only be formed by the division of pre-existing cells?

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Why is accurate quantitative measurement essential in the design of experiments involving osmosis?

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How can osmolarity in tissues be estimated by bathing samples in hypotonic and hypertonic solutions?

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Why must tissues or organs used in medical procedures be bathed in a solution with the same osmolarity as the cytoplasm to prevent osmosis?

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What are the structure and function of sodium-potassium pumps in active transport and potassium channels in facilitated diffusion within axons?

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How does the fluidity of membranes enable endocytosis and exocytosis, and what role do vesicles play in moving materials within cells?

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