How does the fusion of gametes from different parents promote genetic variation?
How does the fusion of gametes from different parents promote genetic variation?
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IB Biology
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How do crossing over and random orientation contribute to genetic variation?
How do crossing over and random orientation contribute to genetic variation?
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How does the first division of meiosis reduce chromosome number through separation of homologous chromosomes?
How does the first division of meiosis reduce chromosome number through separation of homologous chromosomes?
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How does random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs occur before separation in meiosis?
How does random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs occur before separation in meiosis?
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What processes occur during the early stages of meiosis, including pairing of homologous chromosomes, crossing over, and condensation?
What processes occur during the early stages of meiosis, including pairing of homologous chromosomes, crossing over, and condensation?
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Why is DNA replication necessary before meiosis begins?
Why is DNA replication necessary before meiosis begins?
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Why is the halving of chromosome number important for a sexual life cycle involving gamete fusion?
Why is the halving of chromosome number important for a sexual life cycle involving gamete fusion?
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How does meiosis produce four haploid nuclei from one diploid nucleus?
How does meiosis produce four haploid nuclei from one diploid nucleus?
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How has autoradiography contributed to research by establishing DNA molecule length in chromosomes?
How has autoradiography contributed to research by establishing DNA molecule length in chromosomes?
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How can databases help identify the location of a human gene and its polypeptide product?
How can databases help identify the location of a human gene and its polypeptide product?
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Top Questions
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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modifying crops, including soya, maize and rice
Sourav
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Outline the process of genetic modification using bacterial production of a human protein as an example, limited to: (a) isolation of the DNA making up a human gene using restriction enzymes, forming sticky ends (b) cutting of bacterial plasmid DNA with the same restriction enzymes, forming complementary sticky ends (c) insertion of human DNA into bacterial plasmid DNA using DNA ligase to form a recombinant plasmid (d) insertion of recombinant plasmids into bacteria (specific details are not required) (e) multiplication of bacteria containing recombinant plasmids (f) expression in bacteria of the human gene to make the human protein
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Outline examples of genetic modification: (a) the insertion of human genes into bacteria to produce human proteins (b) the insertion of genes into crop plants to confer resistance to herbicides (c) the insertion of genes into crop plants to confer resistance to insect pests (d) the insertion of genes into crop plants to improve nutritional qualities
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Describe genetic modification as changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes
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Describe and explain the conditions that need to be controlled in a fermenter, including: temperature, pH, oxygen, nutrient supply and waste products
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Describe how fermenters can be used for the large-scale production of useful products by bacteria and fungi, including insulin, penicillin and mycoprotein
