Botany

(a) In racemose inflorescence, the main axis continues to grow and the flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession, e.g., mustard. In cymose inflorescence, the main axis terminates in a flower and the subsequent growth is by lateral branches, which also end in flowers, showing basipetal succession, e.g., jasmine. (b) An apocarpous ovary has … Read more

(a) Aestivation is the mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floral buds with respect to the other members of the same whorl. (b) Placentation refers to the arrangement of ovules within the ovary. (c) Actinomorphic flowers are those which can be divided into two equal halves in any radial plane passing through the … Read more

Phyllotaxy refers to the arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch. The three types are: Alternate phyllotaxy, where a single leaf grows at each node in an alternate manner, as in sunflower; Opposite phyllotaxy, where a pair of leaves arises at each node and lie opposite to each other, as in guava; Whorled phyllotaxy, … Read more

[Diagrams are to be drawn as per NCERT textbook illustrations.]

A typical flower of Solanaceae (e.g., Solanum nigrum) is described as: Actinomorphic, bisexual, pentamerous; calyx 5, united; corolla 5, united; androecium 5, epipetalous; gynoecium bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, axile placentation. Floral formula: ⚥ K(5) C(5) A5 G(2). [Floral diagram to be drawn as per NCERT guidelines.]

The types of placentation are: Marginal, where ovules are arranged along the margin of the ovary, as in pea; Axile, where ovules are placed on a central axis, as in tomato; Parietal, where ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary, as in mustard; Free central, where ovules are borne on a central column … Read more

• Ans: Flowering plants (angiosperms) have flowers as their reproductive unit. Angiosperms reproduce sexually through flowers. • Flowers are usually modified stems with condensed axes. There are four concentric lobes on a flower. • Calyxes, corollas, androecium, and gynoecium make up the four whorls of the flower, from outside to inside. • On flowers, the … Read more

Ans: Flowering plants (angiosperms) have flowers as their reproductive unit. Angiosperms reproduce sexually through flowers. • Flowers are usually modified stems with condensed axes. There are four concentric lobes on a flower. • Calyxes, corollas, androecium, and gynoecium make up the four whorls of the flower, from outside to inside. • On flowers, the androecium … Read more

A flower is described as epigynous, perigynous, or epigynous depending on the position of its calyx, corolla and androecium (relative to the ovary). Hypogynous flowers possess an ovary positioned at the top of the thalamus while other floral parts sit below. The ovary is located on the rim of the thalamus in perigynous flowers, while … Read more

Segmentation in the body is first observed in which of the following: (a) Platyhelminthes (b) Aschelminthes (c) Annelida (d) Arthropoda