Why does conjugation between an Hfr strain and an F-strain not result in two Hfr strains? A) Conjugation is typically disrupted before the fertility factor can be transferred. B) The cell membranes between the two strains never fuse together. C) Hfr strains lack fertility factor. D) The transferred genes typically recombine with the recipient chromosome.
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Which of the following is an example of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria? A) Transformation B) Conjugation and transformation C) Conjugation D) Transduction E) Transduction, conjugation, and transformation
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What is unique about transduction compared to normal bacteriophage infection? A) Transduction transfers DNA from the chromosome of one cell to another. B) The bacteriophage does not erupt from an infected cell during transduction. C) The bacteriophage takes fragments of the cell with it during transduction.
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The virus infects a host cell by: The host cell engulfing the virus through endocytosis. The virus removing the DNA from the host. The virus pierces the outer surface of the host cell and injects its DNA. The virus stays attached to the surface of the cell and takes over its genetic machinery.
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During bacterial conjugation, plasmid replication occurs in: A) The donor only. B) The recipient only. C) Both the donor and recipient. D) Either the donor or the recipient, but not both. E) Neither the donor nor the recipient.
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The pilus is found on both the donor and recipient cells. A) True B) False
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If the virus is present as a provirus in the host cell, it remains latent and never produces new virus. A) True B) False
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Which of the following does NOT occur during bacterial conjugation? A) Direct contact between donor and recipient cells B) Shortening of the pilus C) Enzymatic cleavage of one strand at the origin of transfer D) Unidirectional transfer of both DNA strands E) Recipient cell becomes a donor cell after conjugation
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If the DNA of the provirus is transcribed: A) Several single mRNA strands are produced B) A plasmid is made C) The provirus detaches and becomes lytic D) One long polygenic mRNA is produced
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The polygenic mRNA codes for making one long polyprotein which is then cleaved into the separate individual virus proteins. A) True B) False
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