AS and A Level Biology

Interpret and construct genetic diagrams, including Punnett squares, to explain and predict the results of dihybrid crosses that involve autosomal linkage and epistasis (knowledge of the expected ratios for different types of epistasis is not expected)

Interpret and construct genetic diagrams, including Punnett squares, to explain and predict the results of monohybrid crosses and dihybrid crosses that involve dominance, codominance, multiple alleles and sex linkage

Explain the terms gene, locus, allele, dominant, recessive, codominant, linkage, test cross, F1, F2, phenotype, genotype, homozygous and heterozygous

Explain that the random fusion of gametes at fertilisation produces genetically different individuals

Explain that crossing over and random orientation (independent assortment) of pairs of homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids during meiosis produces genetically different gametes

Interpret photomicrographs and diagrams of cells in different stages of meiosis and identify the main stages of meiosis

Describe the behaviour of chromosomes in plant and animal cells during meiosis and the associated behaviour of the nuclear envelope, the cell surface membrane and the spindle (names of the main stages of meiosis, but not the sub-divisions of prophase I, are expected: prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, … Read more

Explain the need for a reduction division during meiosis in the production of gametes

Explain what is meant by homologous pairs of chromosomes

Explain the meanings of the terms haploid (n) and diploid (2n)