AS and A Level Biology

Explain that genes to be transferred into an organism may be: • extracted from the DNA of a donor organism • synthesised from the mRNA of a donor organism • synthesised chemically from nucleotides

Explain that genetic engineering is the deliberate manipulation of genetic material to modify specific characteristics of an organism and that this may involve transferring a gene into an organism so that the gene is expressed

Outline the role in conservation of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

Explain reasons for controlling invasive alien species

Describe methods of assisted reproduction used in the conservation of endangered mammals, limited to IVF, embryo transfer and surrogacy

Outline the roles of zoos, botanic gardens, conserved areas (including national parks and marine parks), ‘frozen zoos’ and seed banks, in the conservation of endangered species

Outline reasons for the need to maintain biodiversity

Explain why populations and species can become extinct as a result of: • climate change • competition • hunting by humans • degradation and loss of habitats

Use Simpson’s index of diversity (D) to calculate the biodiversity of an area, and state the significance of different values of D (the formula for Simpson’s index of diversity will be provided, as shown in the Mathematical requirements)

Use Spearman’s rank correlation and Pearson’s linear correlation to analyse the relationships between two variables, including how biotic and abiotic factors affect the distribution and abundance of species (the formulae for these correlations will be provided, as shown in the Mathematical requirements)Use Spearman’s rank correlation and Pearson’s linear correlation to analyse the relationships between two … Read more