AS and A Level Biology

State that water is the main component of blood and tissue fluid and relate the properties of water to its role in transport in mammals, limited to solvent action and high specific heat capacity

Recognise and draw red blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes from microscope slides, photomicrographs and electron micrographs

Explain how the structure of muscular arteries, elastic arteries, veins and capillaries are each related to their functions

Recognise arteries, veins and capillaries from microscope slides, photomicrographs and electron micrographs and make plan diagrams showing the structure of arteries and veins in transverse section (TS) and longitudinal section (LS)

Describe the functions of the main blood vessels of the pulmonary and systemic circulations, limited to pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta and vena cava

State that assimilates dissolved in water, such as sucrose and amino acids, move from sources to sinks in phloem sieve tubes

Explain how companion cells transfer assimilates to phloem sieve tubes, with reference to proton pumps and cotransporter proteins

Make annotated drawings of transverse sections of leaves from xerophytic plants to explain how they are adapted to reduce water loss by transpiration

Explain how hydrogen bonding of water molecules is involved with movement of water in the xylem by cohesion-tension in transpiration pull and by adhesion to cellulose in cell walls

Explain that transpiration involves the evaporation of water from the internal surfaces of leaves followed by diffusion of water vapour to the atmosphere