The process where codons match with anticodons occurs during translation, which is the synthesis of proteins from mRNA. DNA replication and translation are distinct processes. In DNA replication, the DNA molecule is copied to create two identical copies of the genome. In contrast, translation occurs after transcription, where mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids that form proteins. During translation, codons (three-base sequences in mRNA) are matched with anticodons on the tRNA molecules. The anticodons are complementary to the codons, allowing the tRNA to bring the correct amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.