what is the rhizosphere of a plant

The rhizosphere of a plant is the immediate soil environment influenced by its root system. It extends a few millimeters outward from the root surface and hosts a dense microbial community. Root exudates—carbohydrates, phenolics, vitamins, and hormones—shape this zone, attracting beneficial microbes and influencing nutrient transformations. This region acts as a chemical and biological interface where nutrient exchange, microbial colonization, and defense signaling occur. It’s vital for plant nutrition, health, and resilience to stress.