what is rhizosphere and rhizoplane

The rhizosphere is the soil influenced by root secretions and microbial activity. The rhizoplane is the root surface itself, where microbes adhere and form biofilms. The rhizoplane is considered a sub-zone of the rhizosphere. It’s often colonized by specialized bacteria that form intimate associations with plant tissues. The two zones are closely linked but differ in microbial community structure and function.