The rhizosphere is the narrow zone of soil surrounding plant roots, characterized by intense biological and chemical activity. It’s a dynamic microenvironment where roots, soil, microorganisms, and organic substances interact. This zone usually spans just a few millimeters from the root surface but plays a critical role in nutrient cycling, root health, and microbial activity. It contains root exudates like sugars, amino acids, and organic acids that shape microbial communities and affect nutrient availability.