Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur: (i) Chromosomes are moved to spindle equator. (ii) Centromere splits and chromatids separate. (iii) Pairing between homologous chromosomes takes place. (iv) Crossing over between homologous chromosomes takes place.

(i) Chromosomes are moved to the spindle equator during metaphase of mitosis. In this phase, chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plane, known as the metaphase plate, facilitated by spindle fibers attached to their centromeres.

(ii) Centromere splits and chromatids separate during anaphase of mitosis. Here, the centromeres divide, allowing sister chromatids to separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell, ensuring equal distribution of genetic material.

(iii) Pairing between homologous chromosomes takes place during the zygotene stage of prophase I in meiosis. This process, called synapsis, involves the alignment of homologous chromosomes to form bivalents or tetrads.

(iv) Crossing over between homologous chromosomes occurs during the pachytene stage of prophase I in meiosis. During this stage, non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material at points called chiasmata, leading to genetic recombination.