how do rhizosphere protect plants from environmental extremes

The rhizosphere offers protection through several mechanisms. Beneficial microbes can buffer plants against drought by enhancing water retention or producing osmoprotectants. Others detoxify heavy metals or degrade pollutants. Symbionts like mycorrhizae extend water and nutrient access. Some microbes induce systemic resistance, priming plants against pathogens or oxidative stress. These protective effects rely heavily on active root-microbe signaling.