Liverworts – Characteristics, Morphology, Reproduction, Classification

Liverworts - Characteristics, Morphology, Reproduction, Classification

What are Liverworts? Habitat of Liverworts Liverworts, being bryophytes, exhibit a preference for moist environments due to their susceptibility to desiccation. Their plant bodies lack complete protection against drying out, necessitating habitats that provide abundant moisture. Consequently, liverworts thrive in shady, humid areas where the soil remains consistently damp. Common habitats for liverworts include: Types … Read more

7 Best Books For Microbial Metabolism

Best books for CSIR NET Life Science

Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition) Author: Michael T. Madigan (Author), John M. Martinko (Author), Kelly S. Bender (Author), Daniel H. Buckley (Author), David A. Stahl (Author), Thomas Brock (Author) The authoritative #1 textbook for introductory majors microbiology, Brock Biology of Microorganisms continues to set the standard for impeccable scholarship, accuracy, and outstanding illustrations and photos. This … Read more

Structure of Gram-negative Cell Wall

Structure of Gram-negative cell wall

What are Gram-negative bacteria? Cell wall of the Gram-negative is more complicated than the Gram-positive cell wall. The amount of peptidoglycan present in the Gram-negative cell wall is considerably lower than that of that of the cell’s Gram positive wall. There are only a few layers of peptidoglycan (2-8 millimeters) are visible in the cell … Read more

Structure of Gram-positive Cell Wall

Structure of Gram-positive cell wall

Bacterial Cell Wall Characteristics of Peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan is a fundamental component of bacterial cell walls, forming a complex, mesh-like structure known as the sacculus. This structure is crucial for maintaining cell shape and integrity. Here are the key characteristics of peptidoglycan: Cell membrane of Gram-Positive Cell Wall The cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria is a … Read more

Cell Wall Structure of Archaebacteria 

Cell Wall Structure of Archaebacteria 

Archaeal Cell Wall Introduction One Membrane Archaea Double Membranes of Archaea  What is S-Layer? The S-layer, or surface layer, is a fundamental component of the cell envelope in many archaea and some bacteria. It represents one of the most common cell wall variations, particularly among Crenarchaea. This layer consists primarily of proteins that self-assemble into … Read more

Bacterial Cell Wall Structure and Composition

Bacterial cell wall structure and Composition.

What is Cell Wall? Definition of Cell Wall A cell wall is a rigid, protective layer that surrounds the cell membrane in plants, fungi, algae, and some prokaryotes, providing structural support, shape, and protection. Bacterial Cell Wall Types Based on the result of gram staining it is stated that there are two types of cell … Read more

Effect of Antibiotics on the Cell Wall

Effect of antibiotics on the cell wall

In the early 20th century there was no treatment to treat infections caused by bacteria. This included tuberculosis and pneumonia, as well as the rheumatic and gonorrhea diseases, and infections of the urinary tract. However, in 1929 the the bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovered the first real antibiotic, penicillin, heralding a new era of medical science. … Read more

10 Best Books for Instrumentation and Biotechniques

Chloroquine solution Preparation and Uses

This best-selling undergraduate textbook provides an introduction to key experimental techniques from across the biosciences. It uniquely integrates the theories and practices that drive the fields of biology and medicine, comprehensively covering both the methods students will encounter in lab classes and those that underpin recent advances and discoveries.

12 Best Books for Agriculture and Soil Microbiology

Best Books for Recombinant DNA Technology

This fifth edition of the classic textbook in plant pathology outlines how to recognize, treat, and prevent plant diseases. It provides extensive coverage of abiotic, fungal, viral, bacterial, nematode and other plant diseases and their associated epidemiology. It also covers the genetics of resistance and modern management on plant disease.

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