What is f0 value in autoclave validation?
What is f0 value in autoclave validation?

What is f0 value in autoclave validation?
Why are enzymes called biocatalysts? Briefly discuss the mode of enzyme action.
Explain the principle and applications of each of the following biochemical techniques:
(i) Colorimetry.
How are the diseases cystic fibrosis and albinism caused?
Explain how ‘Dolly’ was created. What is its importance in the field of biotechnology?
Differentiate between:
(i) PCR and Gene Cloning.
(ii) Batch Culture and Continuous Culture.
What are polysaccharides? How are they formed?
Briefly explain the concept and application of:
(i) In vitro pollination.
(ii) Protoplast fusion.
Mention the significance of plants obtained by each of the following types of plant tissue culture techniques.
(i) Callus Culture
(ii) Organogenesis
(iii) Somatic Embryogenesis
State the main achievements of the Human Genome Project.