An immobilized enzyme being used in a continuous plug flow reactor exhibits an effectiveness factor (η) of 1.2. The value of η being greater than 1 could be apparently due to
(A) substrate inhibited kinetics with external pore diffusion limitation
(B) internal pore diffusion limitation
(C) sigmoidal kinetics
(D) unstability of the enzyme

Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion (a) and the Reason (r):
Assertion: Somatic embryogenesis in plants is a two-step process comprising of embryo initiation followed by embryo production.
Reason: Embryo initiation is independent of the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid whereas embryo production requires a high concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
(A) both (a) and (r) are true and (r) is the correct reason for (a)
(B) both (a) and (r) are true and (r) is not the correct reason for (a)
(C) (a) is true but (r) is false
(D) (a) is false but (r) is true

The formation of peptide cross-links between adjacent glycan chains in cell wall synthesis is called
(A) Transglycosylation
(B) Autoglycosylation
(C) Autopeptidation
(D) Transpeptidation

Nuclease-hypersensitive sites in the chromosomes are sites that appear to be
(A) H2 and H4 histone free
(B) H1 and H2 histone free
(C) H3 and H4 histone free
(D) Nucleosome free

Oxidation-reduction reactions with positive standard redox potential (E⁰’) have
(A) positive ΔG⁰
(B) negative ΔG⁰
(C) positive ΔE⁰’
(D) negative ΔE⁰’

The degree of inhibition for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction at a particular inhibitor concentration is independent of the initial substrate concentration. The inhibition follows
(A) competitive inhibition
(B) mixed inhibition
(C) un-competitive inhibition
(D) non-competitive inhibition

Identify the enzyme that catalyzes the following reaction:
α-Ketoglutarate + NADH + NH4+ + H+ → Glutamate + NAD+ + H2O
(A) Glutamate synthetase
(B) Glutamate oxoglutarate aminotransferase
(C) Glutamate dehydrogenase
(D) α-ketoglutarate deaminase

During lactic acid fermentation, net yield of ATP and NADH per mole of glucose is
(A) 2 ATP and 2 NADH
(B) 2 ATP and 0 NADH
(C) 4 ATP and 2 NADH
(D) 4 ATP and 0 NADH

In a chemostat operating under steady state, a bacterial culture can be grown at a dilution rate higher than maximum growth rate by
(A) partial cell recycling
(B) using sub-optimal temperature
(C) pH cycling
(D) substrate feed rate cycling

Expressed Sequence Tag is defined as
(A) a partial sequence of a codon randomly selected from cDNA library
(B) the characteristic gene expressed in the cell
(C) the protein coding DNA sequence of a gene
(D) uncharacterized fragment of DNA present in the cell