Explain why the transfer of energy from one trophic level to another is inefficient
Explain why the transfer of energy from one trophic level to another is inefficient

Explain why the transfer of energy from one trophic level to another is inefficient
Describe food webs as networks of interconnected food chains and construct and interpret them
Describe the terms producer, consumer, herbivore, carnivore and decomposer
Construct and interpret simple food chains
Explain why most forms of life are completely dependent on photosynthesis
Describe that the Sun is the principal source of energy input to most biological systems
Discuss potential advantages and risks of genetic modification, limited to modifying crop plants and bacteria
Outline the use of genetic modification in crop plants by inserting genes: (a) to confer resistance to herbicides (b) to confer resistance to insect pests (c) to provide additional vitamins
Explain that the gene that controls the production of human insulin has been inserted into bacterial DNA, for commercial production of insulin