Describe the functions of the types of human teeth in physical digestion of food
Describe the functions of the types of human teeth in physical digestion of food
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How does the staining process with fast green differ from that with safranin
How does the staining process with fast green differ from that with safranin
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What are the most effective dyes for staining xylem vessels in plant stems
What are the most effective dyes for staining xylem vessels in plant stems
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What types of stains are best for visualizing water pathways in plant stems
What types of stains are best for visualizing water pathways in plant stems
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Investigate, using a suitable stain, the pathway of water in a cut stem
Investigate, using a suitable stain, the pathway of water in a cut stem
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Describe a sustainable resource as one which is produced as rapidly as it is removed from the environment so that it does not run out
Describe a sustainable resource as one which is produced as rapidly as it is removed from the environment so that it does not run out
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Explain how fish stocks can be conserved using education, closed seasons, protected areas, controlled net types and mesh size, quotas and monitoring
Explain how fish stocks can be conserved using education, closed seasons, protected areas, controlled net types and mesh size, quotas and monitoring
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Explain how forests can be conserved using education, protected areas, quotas and replanting
Explain how forests can be conserved using education, protected areas, quotas and replanting
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Discuss reasons for conservation of species with reference to: (a) maintenance of biodiversity (b) reducing extinction (c) protecting vulnerable environments
Discuss reasons for conservation of species with reference to: (a) maintenance of biodiversity (b) reducing extinction (c) protecting vulnerable environments
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Describe the harmful effects of: (a) water pollution by untreated sewage and nitrogen-containing fertilisers leading to eutrophication, limited to: (i) increased availability of nitrate and other ions (ii) increased growth of producers (iii) increased decomposition after death of producers (iv) increased aerobic respiration by decomposers (v) reduction in dissolved oxygen (vi) death of organisms requiring dissolved oxygen in water (b) air pollution by greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide and methane), contributing to global warming and its likely effects (c) pollution due to insecticides and herbicides (d) non-biodegradable plastics in the environment, in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
Describe the harmful effects of: (a) water pollution by untreated sewage and nitrogen-containing fertilisers leading to eutrophication, limited to: (i) increased availability of nitrate and other ions (ii) increased growth of producers (iii) increased decomposition after death of producers (iv) increased aerobic respiration by decomposers (v) reduction in dissolved oxygen (vi) death of organisms requiring dissolved oxygen in water (b) air pollution by greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide and methane), contributing to global warming and its likely effects (c) pollution due to insecticides and herbicides (d) non-biodegradable plastics in the environment, in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modifying crops, including soya, maize and rice
Genetically modified (GM) crops, such as soybeans, maize, and rice,
Sourav
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Outline the process of genetic modification using bacterial production of a human protein as an example, limited to: (a) isolation of the DNA making up a human gene using restriction enzymes, forming sticky ends (b) cutting of bacterial plasmid DNA with the same restriction enzymes, forming complementary sticky ends (c) insertion of human DNA into bacterial plasmid DNA using DNA ligase to form a recombinant plasmid (d) insertion of recombinant plasmids into bacteria (specific details are not required) (e) multiplication of bacteria containing recombinant plasmids (f) expression in bacteria of the human gene to make the human protein
<h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">Process of Genetic Modification Using Bacterial
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Outline examples of genetic modification: (a) the insertion of human genes into bacteria to produce human proteins (b) the insertion of genes into crop plants to confer resistance to herbicides (c) the insertion of genes into crop plants to confer resistance to insect pests (d) the insertion of genes into crop plants to improve nutritional qualities
<h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">Examples of Genetic Modification</h2> Genetic modification involves
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Describe genetic modification as changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes
Genetic modification (GM) refers to the deliberate alteration of an
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Describe and explain the conditions that need to be controlled in a fermenter, including: temperature, pH, oxygen, nutrient supply and waste products
<h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">Conditions to Control in a Fermenter</h2> Fermenters
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Describe how fermenters can be used for the large-scale production of useful products by bacteria and fungi, including insulin, penicillin and mycoprotein
<h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">The Use of Fermenters for Large-Scale
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Explain the use of lactase to produce lactosefree milk
<h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">The Use of Lactase to Produce
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