Selenite F Broth – Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Selenite F Broth - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Selenite Broth was invented by Leifson who proved that selenite is inhibitory to bacteria, coliforms, and other species, like streptococci from feces, which are found in fecal samples and, consequently, beneficial in the recuperation from Salmonella species. Selenite-F Broth is utilized to enrich the environment that is buffered by Lactose Peptone Broth to which Sodium Biselenite is added to act as the agent that is selective for elimination of Salmonella from urine, feces and water, as well as food items and other substances that are of sanitary significance.

Charcoal Selective Medium – Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Charcoal Selective Medium - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

In 1984, Bolton et al. Bolton et al. (1984) suggested that charcoal could be used to replace blood in a medium for the isolation of Campylobacter species. Endtz et al. Later, it was confirmed that Campylobacter isolates at a higher rate when using charcoal selective media.

Amies Transport Medium – Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Amies Transport Medium - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Amies Transport Medium, which contains charcoal to increase the viability and longevity of pathogenic organisms, is an improved transport medium. It is semisolid media that can be used in qualitative procedures to transport clinical swab specimens from the hospital to the laboratory. This modified Stuart’s Transport Medium is made by adding charcoal to the medium and replacing the glycerophosphate. This modified medium produced a higher percentage positive results than Stuart’s transport medium.

Thioglycollate Broth – Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Thioglycollate Broth - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Thioglycolate broth, an enrichment broth that is multipurpose and can be used to determine the oxygen needs of microorganisms, is called a differential medium. It is used most often in diagnostic bacteriology as an enrichment broth. This broth is supportive of the growth and development of microorganisms fastidious, anaerophilic, microaerophilic and aerobes.

BCYE Agar – Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

BCYE Agar - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

In 1978, Feeley et al developed a medium for isolating Legionella species. They later modified it by replacing casein hydrolysate with beef extract and starch with activated carbon and naming it Charcoal Yeast extract (CYE) Agar. A further modification was made by Pasculle et al in 1980 by the addition of ACES (N-2-acetamido-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) buffer in order to maintain the proper pH for optimal growth designated as BCYE for Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract. Edelstein et al modified the medium in 1981 by adding potassium salt to alpha-ketoglutaric acids, which increased the medium’s sensitivity. It is used in primary isolation and cultivation of Legionella species. It is recommended to be used in the cultivation and primary isolation of Legionella spp.

Cetrimide Agar – Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Cetrimide Agar - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Cetrimide, a quaternary salt of ammonium, acts as a detergent that lowers the surface tension at the point-of-contact. It also has precipitant, complexing, and denaturing effects upon bacterial membrane proteins. It has inhibitory properties on many microorganisms, including Pseudomonas species that are not Pseudomonas. Lowburry was the first to develop cetrimide agar. It is a modified version of Tech Agar (developed in King et al. For the selective inhibition other than Pseudomonas, aeruginosa, 0.1% cetrimide (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide), was added. Cetrimide agar can be used to presumptive identify and selectively isolate Pseudomonas.aeruginosa species from both clinical and nonclinical specimens.

Middlebrook Agar – Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Middlebrook Agar - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Over the years, many media have been developed for mycobacteria cultivation. Early ones included egg-based formulations such as Lowenstein-Jensen Medium or Petragnani Medium. Later, Dubos, Middlebrook and Middlebrook created a variety of formulations that contained oleic and albumin as key components. These ingredients protect Mycobacterium against toxic agents and allow for the growth and development of tubercle bacteriailli. Cohn and Middlebrook improved the formulations of oleic acids-albumin agar to achieve a faster and more luxurious growth of Mycobacterium strains.

Endo Agar – Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Endo Agar - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Endo created Endo Agar to distinguish gram-negative bacteria based on lactose fermentation and inhibit gram-positive bacteria. The latter were not inhibited by bile salts, as was traditional. Endo was able to inhibit gram-positive bacteria using sodium sulfite, basic fuchsin.

Bismuth Sulphite Agar (BSA) – Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Bismuth Sulphite Agar (BSA) - Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Salmonellae are the most complex taxonomically diverse group of bacteria in Enterobacteriaceae. Salmonella infections in humans are usually caused by the consumption of food, milk, and water contaminated with animal or human excreta. S. Typhi is only found in humans.

Egg Yolk Agar – Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Egg Yolk Agar Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

Egg Yolk Agar modified is based upon the original Egg Yolk Agar formula developed by McClung & Toabe to isolate and differentiate organisms based in Lecithinase, lipase production, and proteolytic activities.

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