Feeder pathway is the metabolic process in which different non-glucose carbohydrates are changed into intermediates that can enter glycolysis. It is the process that allows fructose, galactose, mannose and stored polysaccharides like glycogen to be converted into common glycolytic compounds. These intermediates then move into the normal glycolytic steps for further breakdown. In this pathway … Read more
The fate of pyruvate is the different metabolic pathway in which pyruvate can enter after it is formed at the end of glycolysis. It is the process that depend on the presence or absence of oxygen in the cell environment. In aerobic condition, pyruvate is moved into the mitochondria where it is converted into Acetyl-CoA, … Read more
Pectin is a complicated polysaccharide that is mostly found in the cell walls of plants, notably fruits. It is a structural heteropolysaccharide made up mostly of units of galacturonic acid. Pectin is a glue that holds plant cells together, making the plant tissue strong and stable. In the culinary sector, it is often used as … Read more
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is a handy formula used in chemistry and biology to estimate the pH of a solution, especially when dealing with buffers—mixtures that resist changes in acidity or alkalinity. Think of it like a cheat sheet for predicting how acidic or basic a solution will be based on the balance between a weak … Read more
Ever wondered how your cells turn the food you eat into usable energy? Let’s break down the Krebs cycle—a cornerstone of cellular respiration—and answer the questions you’ve been searching for. Also known as the citric acid cycle, this process is a series of chemical reactions that extract energy from nutrients. But where does this critical … Read more
What is Gluconeogenesis? Gluconeogenesis Definition Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic process that synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, such as lactate, glycerol, and amino acids, primarily in the liver and kidneys, to maintain blood glucose levels during fasting or low carbohydrate intake. Location of Gluconeogenesis – Where does Gluconeogenesis Occur? Gluconeogenesis primarily occurs in the liver, which … Read more
What is Galactose? Galactose is a monosaccharide sugar that is an aldohexose. It is a C-4 epimer of glucose having the same structure as glucose, except that the atoms around carbon no. 4 are arranged differently. This sugar is around 65% of the sweetness of sucrose and is less sweet. It is paired with glucose … Read more
What is Glycogenesis? Definition of Glycogenesis Glycogenesis is the biological process of synthesizing glycogen from glucose molecules, primarily in the liver and muscles, for energy storage and glucose homeostasis. Key Enzymes in Glycogenesis Glycogenesis is the biochemical process that converts glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscle tissues. This process relies on … Read more
What is Glycogenolysis? Glycogenolysis Definition Glycogenolysis is the enzymatic process of breaking down glycogen, a stored polysaccharide, into glucose-1-phosphate and glucose to provide energy or maintain blood sugar levels during fasting or increased energy demand. Glycogenolysis Location Glycogenolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of cells, primarily in the liver and skeletal muscles, with minimal activity in … Read more
What is Glycogen? Definition of Glycogen Glycogen is a branched polysaccharide made of glucose units that serves as the primary form of glucose storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria. It is primarily stored in the liver and muscles and acts as a readily mobilized energy source when the body needs glucose. Characteristics of Glycogen Glycogen … Read more
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