Fimbriae and Pili – Definition, Structure, Types, Functions, Differences.

Fimbriae and pili Definition, Structure, Types, Functions, Differences.

Fimbriae and pili are interchangeable words employed to indicate short, hair-like structures on the outsides of procaryotic cells. Same as flagella, they are made of protein.  Fimbriae are smaller and harder as compared to flagella, and lightly smaller in diameter. They emerge from the bacterial cell surface and involved in different functions such as adhesion, … Read more

Escherichia coli(E. coli) morphology, arrangement, Cultural Characteristics, Diagnosis

Escherichia coli(E. coli) morphology, arrangement, Cultural Characteristics, Diagnosis

Scientific classification of Escherichia coli Domain Bacteria Phylum Proteobacteria Class Gammaproteobacteria Order Enterobacterales Family Enterobacteriaceae Genus Escherichia Species E. coli Binomial name Escherichia coli Escherichia coli E. coli Habitat Geographical distribution of Escherichia coli  Reservoir, source, and transmission of infection  E.coli Morphology and Arrangement Antigenic Structure of E.coli Heat Stable Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major … Read more

Bacterial Growth and Different Environmental Factors Affect Bacterial Growth

Bacterial Growth and Different Environmental Factors Affect Bacterial Growth

Environmental Factors Affect Bacterial Growth In addition to knowing the proper nutrients for the cultivation of bacteria, it is also necessary to know the physical environment in which the organisms will grow best. Just as bacteria vary greatly in their nutritional requirements, so do they exhibit diverse responses to physical conditions such as temperature, gaseous … Read more

Oxygen Toxicity – Mechanism, Damages, Protective Mechanism

Oxygen Toxicity - Mechanism, Damages, Protective Mechanism

Oxygen Toxicity Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) Various cellular enzymes catalyze chemical reactions involving molecular oxygen; some of these reactions can result in addition of a single electron to an oxygen molecule, thereby forming superoxide radical. Superoxide radicals can inactivate vital cell components. However, recent studies suggest that their greatest detrimental action is through … Read more

Cultivation of Anaerobic Bacteria

Cultivation of Anaerobic Bacteria

What are Anaerobic bacteria? Characteristics of Anaerobic Bacteria Cultivation of Anaerobic Bacteria Cultivation of Anaerobic Bacteria. Stringent anaerobes can be grown only by taking special precautions to exclude all atmospheric oxygen from the medium. Such an environment can be established by using one of the following methods: Cultivation of Anaerobic Bacteria using Prereduced media Procedure … Read more

Nutritional types of bacteria – Classification of bacteria based on Nutritional Requirement

Nutritional types of bacteria - Classification of bacteria based on Nutritional Requirement

Nutritional Requirement All forms of life, from microorganisms to human beings, share certain nutritional requirements for growth and normal functioning. The following observations substantiate this statement and also illustrate the great diversity of nutritional types found among bacteria. Energy Electron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Sulfur  Phosphorus  Metal Ions Vitamins and vitamin-like compounds Water Classification of bacteria … Read more

Bacterial toxin: Definition, Types, Example.

Bacterial toxin: Definition, Types, Example.

When a microorganism starts to synthesize toxin, they are called microbial toxins, such as bacteria and fungi. There are few bacteria that can produce the most potent natural toxins such as Botulinum neurotoxins. However, the bacterial toxin has some medical importance that is why they are used in medical science and research. What Is Toxin? … Read more

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