Plant Anatomy and Embryology

What is Embryo Development in Plants? Development of the embryo (Embryogenesis) The development of the embryo in angiosperms, known as embryogenesis, is a complex and highly regulated process that transforms a diploid oospore (zygote) into a mature embryo. This process involves several key stages and can be categorized into different types based on the patterns … Read more

What is Polyembryony? Definition of Polyembryony Polyembryony is the development of multiple embryos from a single ovule or seed, resulting in several embryos within the same seed, which are genetically identical to each other but distinct from the parent plant. Types of Polyembryony Polyembryony can be classified based on various criteria including the source of … Read more

What is Endosperm? Definition of Endosperm The endosperm is a tissue found in seeds of flowering plants that provides nourishment to the developing embryo. It is formed from the fertilization of a secondary nucleus by a sperm cell and can vary in structure, including nuclear, cellular, or ruminate types, depending on the plant species. Characteristic … Read more

What is Seed Dispersal? Types of Seed Dispersal Seed dispersal is a critical process for plant reproduction, ensuring that seeds are spread to new locations where they can germinate and grow. Various methods have evolved, each adapted to different environmental conditions and ecological interactions. The primary types of seed dispersal include: Agents of Seed Dispersal … Read more

What is Seed? Size and shape of Seed The size and shape of seeds exhibit considerable diversity, reflecting their adaptation to various ecological niches and functional requirements. This variability plays a crucial role in dispersal, survival, and germination strategies. Type of seed Seeds can be classified based on various criteria, including the number of cotyledons … Read more

What is Pollination? Definition of Pollination Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male part (anther) of a flower to the female part (stigma) of the same or another flower, enabling fertilization and seed production. Process of Pollination Pollination is a critical phase in the reproductive cycle of flowering plants, involving several key steps: … Read more

What is an Embryo Sac? Definition of Embryo Sac The embryo sac is the female gametophyte in flowering plants, located within the ovule, where fertilization occurs, leading to the development of the seed and endosperm. Structure of Embryo Sac The structure of the embryo sac, also known as the mature female gametophyte, is integral to … Read more

What is Ovule? Definition of Ovule An ovule is a small structure within the ovary of a plant that contains the female gamete (egg cell) and develops into a seed after fertilization. Location of Ovule The location of ovules in flowering plants is intricately tied to their role in reproduction and is defined by various … Read more

What is Pollen? What are Pollen Grain? Characteristics of Pollen Grain Structure of Pollen Grain The structure of pollen grains, also known as microspores, is a fundamental aspect of plant reproduction and offers insights into evolutionary and taxonomic relationships among plant species. Pollen grains are minute, unicellular structures with complex features that can be categorized … Read more

What is a Bilobed Anther? Structure of a Bilobed Anther The structure of a bilobed anther is essential to understanding its role in plant reproduction. Here’s a detailed breakdown of its components: Transverse cross-section of a Bilobed Anther A transverse cross-section of a bilobed anther provides a detailed view of its internal structure, revealing multiple … Read more