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Archegoniate – Unifying features of archegoniates, Transition to land habit, Alternation of generations

Archegoniate - Unifying features of archegoniates, Transition to land habit, Alternation of generations

What is Archegoniate? Archegoniate is the group of plants in which the female sex organ called archegonium is present. It is a multicellular flask-shaped structure that is formed during the gametophyte phase, and it is the place where the ovum is produced and retained. It is the outer jacket layer of sterile cells that protect … Read more

Ethnobotany and Legal Aspects

Ethnobotany and Legal Aspects

In this article you will learn about Ethnobotany as a tool to protect interests of ethnic groups. Sharing of wealth concept with few examples from India. Biopiracy, Intellectual Property Rights and Traditional Knowledge. Ethnobotany is the branch of science which deals with the study of how different plants are used by indigenous people for their … Read more

Pureline Selection – Procedure, Applications, Advantages, Disadvantages

Pureline Selection

Pureline selection is a method used in plant breeding where plants are chosen from a single self-pollinated variety to create a population that is genetically uniform. It was first introduced by Johannsen (1903) while working with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). The method based on assumption that variation seen in self-pollinated crops is mostly due to environment … Read more

Funaria – Structure, Characteristics, Reproduction

Funaria - Structure, Characteristics, Reproduction

Funaria is a moss you’ll often find thriving in damp, shady areas like forest floors or along stream banks. Unlike typical plants, it lacks true roots, stems, or leaves, absorbing water and nutrients directly through its surface. If you take a closer look, you’ll spot its vibrant green tufts topped with tiny, capsule-like structures—these hold … Read more

Economic Importance of Gymnosperms

Economic Importance of Gymnosperms

What is a gymnosperm? Uses of Gymnosperms Ecological Importance of Gymnosperms Economic Importance of Gymnosperms 1. Ornamental value of Gymnosperms 2. Food Value of Gymnosperms 3. Medicinal value of Gymnosperms Gymnosperms, comprising conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes, are significant sources of bioactive compounds with medicinal properties. These plants produce a variety of phytochemicals, including alkaloids, … Read more

Gymnosperms – Characteristics, Life Cycle, Examples, Economic Importance

Gymnosperms - Characteristics, Life Cycle, Examples, Importance

Curious about gymnosperms and their role in the plant kingdom? Whether you’re wondering, “Is a pine tree a gymnosperm?” or “What’s the difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms?”, this guide unlocks the answers. Gymnosperms (from the Greek for “naked seeds”) are a group of seed-producing plants that include conifers, cycads, and ginkgos. Unlike angiosperms (flowering plants like the petunia, which is an angiosperm), gymnosperms do not produce … Read more

Tissues – Definition, Types, Structure, Examples

Tissues - Definition, Types, Structure, Examples

What are Tissues? Definition of Tissues Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to perform specific functions in an organism. They serve as the structural and functional units that form organs, playing critical roles in various biological processes. Characteristics of Tissues Location of Tissues Formation of Tissues The formation of tissues, known as … Read more

Pollen-Pistil Interaction – Steps, Importance

Pollen-Pistil Interaction

Pollen-pistil interaction is a critical phase in plant reproduction, acting as a sophisticated biological dialogue between male pollen grains and the female reproductive structure, the pistil. When pollen lands on the stigma—the sticky tip of the pistil—it doesn’t immediately guarantee fertilization. Instead, the pistil initiates a series of biochemical checks to assess compatibility. These interactions … Read more

Microsporogenesis – Definition, Process, Structure, Importance

Microsporogenesis – Definition, Process, Structure, Importance

What is Microsporogenesis? Definition of microsporogenesis Microsporogenesis is the process in which diploid microspore mother cells undergo meiosis to form haploid microspores, which eventually develop into pollen grains in plants. Where does microsporogenesis occur? Structure of Stamen Structure of microsporangium Process of Microsporogenesis in Plants In flowering plants, microsporogenesis is the process by which precursors … Read more

Plant Tissues – Definition Types, Functions

Plant Tissues - Definition Types, Functions

What are Plant Tissues? Plant tissues are organized cell groups within a plant that collectively enable essential life functions, like growth, protection, and nutrient transport. There are two main categories of plant tissues: meristematic and permanent. Meristematic tissues contain actively dividing cells that promote growth. Found in regions like root and shoot tips, these cells … Read more

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