Sourav Pan
12 min read 
What is Sanger Sequencing? Principle of Sanger Sequencing The principle of Sanger sequencing is rooted in the termination of DNA strand elongation by dideoxynucleotide triphosphates (ddNTPs). These ddNTPs are modified versions of normal DNA nucleotides that lack a 3’ hydroxyl group, which is essential for forming a phosphodiester bond. Without this bond, the DNA strand … Read more
16 min read 
What is Whole Genome Sequencing? Principle of Whole Genome Sequencing The principle of whole genome sequencing (WGS) revolves around the complete sequencing of an organism’s DNA, encompassing both coding and non-coding regions. This method provides a thorough understanding of the genome, detailing the genes, regulatory elements, and variations present. WGS begins with the extraction of … Read more
20 min read 
What are Liverworts? Habitat of Liverworts Liverworts, being bryophytes, exhibit a preference for moist environments due to their susceptibility to desiccation. Their plant bodies lack complete protection against drying out, necessitating habitats that provide abundant moisture. Consequently, liverworts thrive in shady, humid areas where the soil remains consistently damp. Common habitats for liverworts include: Types … Read more
11 min read 
What are Cell wall synthesis inhibitors? Cell wall synthesis inhibitors encompass antibiotics like β-lactams and glycopeptides. These antibiotics play a crucial role in treating infections by targeting the bacterial cell wall, an essential structure for bacterial survival. Understanding the mechanisms and types of these inhibitors provides insight into their therapeutic applications. β-Lactam Antibiotics β-lactam antibiotics … Read more
20 min read 
What is Mosses (Bryopsida)? Definition of Mosses (Bryopsida) Mosses (Bryopsida): Bryopsida, or mosses, are a class of non-vascular plants comprising around 15,000 species. Characterized by jointed teeth in their spore capsules, they reproduce through spores and thrive in damp, shady environments. Mosses play crucial roles in soil formation, moisture retention, and ecological habitats. Habit and … Read more
12 min read 
What is Karyotyping? Karyotyping: What’s the Deal? Definition of Karyotyping Karyotyping is a diagnostic technique that examines an individual’s chromosomes to identify genetic abnormalities, structural changes, and chromosome number variations. What is a karyotype? Karyotyping Procedure/Steps of Karyotyping Staining and banding Staining and Banding techniques used in karyotyping: Applications of Karyotyping Medical Genetics: Prenatal Diagnostics: … Read more
10 min read 
What is DNA Library (Genomic, cDNA)? Types of DNA Library There are two main types of DNA libraries: genomic libraries, and cDNA libraries. 1. Genomic Library 2. cDNA Library Genomic Library Construction Steps Genomic Library Construction Steps Creating a cDNA library begins with mRNA, which carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis. … Read more
19 min read 
What are Transgenic Plants? Definition of Transgenic Plants Transgenic plants are genetically modified organisms in which DNA from another species is inserted into their genome through genetic engineering techniques to confer new traits, such as pest resistance or improved nutritional content. Different Methods to Create Transgenic Plant Creating transgenic plants involves various techniques to introduce … Read more
16 min read 
What is The Wobble Hypothesis? The Wobble Hypothesis, proposed by Francis Crick in 1966, provides an explanation for the degeneracy of the genetic code. Degeneracy refers to the fact that multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. According to the Wobble Hypothesis, the precise pairing between the bases of the codon and the … Read more
23 min read 
Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Tunicata Class Ascidiacea Order Stolidobranchia Family Pyuridae Genus Herdmania Authority Lahille, 1888 What is Herdmania? Herdmania is a genus of marine ascidians, belonging to the family Pyuridae. These organisms are invertebrates with a sac-like body structure covered by a tough outer covering called a test. They are filter … Read more