what is rhizosphere soil

Rhizosphere soil refers specifically to the portion of soil that clings to plant roots after they’re gently shaken, which contains higher concentrations of organic compounds, microbial populations, and enzymatic activity than bulk soil. This soil is chemically altered by root exudates and microbial metabolism. Its properties differ from surrounding soil due to localized pH shifts, nutrient gradients, and oxygen levels. It’s often sampled in studies focused on plant-microbe interactions, nutrient uptake, and soil fertility.