What is the significance of meiosis?

Maintenance of Chromosome Number

Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, ensuring that when gametes (sperm and egg) fuse during fertilization, the resulting zygote maintains the species-specific diploid chromosome number.

Genetic Variation

Through processes like crossing over and independent assortment, meiosis introduces genetic diversity among offspring, which is crucial for evolution and adaptation.

Sexual Reproduction

Meiosis produces haploid gametes necessary for sexual reproduction, facilitating the combination of genetic material from two parents to produce genetically unique offspring.

Evolutionary Significance

The genetic variation generated by meiosis provides the raw material for natural selection, enabling populations to adapt to changing environments over time.

Prevention of Chromosomal Abnormalities

Meiosis includes mechanisms that ensure proper chromosome segregation, reducing the risk of aneuploidies, which can lead to disorders like Down syndrome.

Repair of DNA Damage

Meiosis can facilitate the repair of DNA damage, particularly double-strand breaks, through homologous recombination, maintaining genomic integrity.

Conservation of Genetic Information

By halving the chromosome number in gametes, meiosis ensures that genetic information is conserved across generations, maintaining species-specific traits.