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Bacteria use flagella and other structures to move. Flagella are long, whip-like appendages that rotate to propel the bacterium through liquid environments. Some bacteria may also use pili or fimbriae, which are shorter, hair-like projections, for a type of movement called twitching. Additionally, some bacteria move by a process called gliding, which does not require flagella and is still not fully understood. These mechanisms allow bacteria to move toward or away from environmental stimuli, a behavior known as taxis.
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