what are 3 ways in which animals help with seed dispersal

Animals assist with seed dispersal in three primary ways: 1. Consumption and Excretion: Animals eat fruits containing seeds, and the seeds are later excreted in different locations. This method is common in plants with fleshy fruits that attract animals. 2. Attachment: Some seeds have adaptations like hooks or sticky surfaces that cling to the fur or feathers of animals. As animals move around, they carry these seeds to new locations where they can potentially germinate. 3. Caching: Certain animals, such as rodents, store seeds in hidden caches for future consumption. Seeds that are not retrieved or consumed can germinate and grow into new plants, thereby aiding in their dispersal. These mechanisms help spread seeds over a broader area, enhancing plant reproduction and distribution.